Hey, sorry I'm late to the party.
Nice find/catch/win.

1) Is this do-able at all?
By 'this', you're referring to being able to add more saline to existing saline implants? Yes.
2) Can it achieve the desired result?
Err... sorry, I've gone back through your post, and can't quite see where you're naming a specific result/goal. If I've missed it, my apologies.
3) Are all saline implants, at some point, able to be refilled, even if they were not designed for it?
By 'refilled', I take it you mean "topped up", or more precisely, "add more to the existing"?
In that case, to the best of my understanding, yes. (I think I once heard about factory-sealed saline implants being an option, but if they still exist, they've largely fallen off the radar.)
4) If a valve and fill tube need to be reattached, how involved is that?
On a workbench? Not too difficult.
In a surgical scenario? I'm not qualified to answer that. And you'll find some surgeons who will say it's not a good idea, just like you'll find surgeons who can give you the specifics. I believe Dr Triana is one such surgeon.
5) If the valve is still intact, does that automatically mean this can be done in a minimally invasive way, that is, hypodermically?
Do you mean a) if the fill port is still present, or b) if the fill port has been reinstalled or c) the implant is the model of implant which has the fill port built into the front wall of the implant? If so, then yes, nothing more invasive than a hypodermic.
Otherwise, there's the surgery needed to place the fill port (or the implant which has the built-in fill port).
6) How much would it cost to inject more saline if that is all that is needed?
Not quite sure. It looks like Dr Foster charges $225:
http://www.bestbreastinthewest.com/html/extraordinary.html7) How much to install new valves et al if that is needed?
There's a woman here who might be able to shed some light on that... I'll see if I can get her attention.
8 ) Could these serve as expanders and be overfilled to, say, 1500cc in preparation for the next phase?
By 'these' you're referring to the 375cc implants? I wouldn't recommend it. You're talking about four times the rated fill. They would most likely take on a very unpleasant feel, and the aesthetics might be rather dubious.
If you've seen Xenon's recent post, you'll see he talks of his wife's 800cc implants overfilled to 1400cc, and how they're borderline too firm. Now imagine an implant half as big, getting pumped bigger than Xenon's wife.
9) In researching this, I saw an old post by MDF where he knew of someone who had 800cc implants filled to 3000cc eventually but felt he couldn't disclose her name. Is the need for secrecy still extant and what has been her experience?
I'm not completely sure who you're talking about, but if it's who I'm thinking of, then no, I'm not at liberty to say. (If it's anybody else at that size, I'll admit I've completely forgotten who that might be.)
But check with Xenon to get his spin on this. And I'll see if I can garner some attention from this other woman.
As an aside, a minor quibble of mine:
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aureolae-
areolae